Welcome back everyone! Happy New Year & happy Epiphany/Befana!
Canadian History
European exploration, settlement & interaction with Aboriginals
Video link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wd01qOlbtYc
What were European Monarchs (kings) trying to do?
European Monarchs (kings of England, France, Portugal, Spain etc.) were trying
to extend their power, status and grow their riches by claiming land around world; they
sent out explorers who had the courage and skill to find a route to the riches of Asia to get their hands on precious metals/minerals namely gold and pearls.
What was Martin Frobisher doing? Who did he meet? In the end what happened to
him?
Martin Frobisher is a sailor and pirate. He explores
Northwest Passage to riches of Asia for King of England. He lands in Baffin Island/Bay, just north of Quebec. Involved in a war with Inuit peoples and takes 1 hostage and proof of his exploration in artic waters. He sends back black ore (rock) samples with idea
that precious gold lies within it. Upon breaking/melting 1 tonne of rock down, they
discover that it doesn’t contain any gold at all. He is shunned by England, called a liar, wasted their time/money and goes
back to being a Pirate. Body of water in
present day Canada named after him - Frobisher Bay turned out to be a dead end, not a passage to Asia.
What did John Guy do?
In the end what happended?
He established a permanent colony/settlement/plantation in present-day Newfoundland (Grand Banks - Cuper's Cove) for England. They beat out the French/Portuguese/Basque fishers from settling there to establish a rich fishing industry given the very large quantities of cod. Increase settlement's inhabitant population with cattle farming & salting/curing cod fish shipping it back to England. Was also hoping to create a trading partnership Beothuk Aboriginals but did not work out. Colony was attacked by pirates and they were not prepared for the long harsh cold winters: crew got sick, their crops failed, no precious minerals were found and, as a result, the King of England withdrew his investment and interest in the project.
He established a permanent colony/settlement/plantation in present-day Newfoundland (Grand Banks - Cuper's Cove) for England. They beat out the French/Portuguese/Basque fishers from settling there to establish a rich fishing industry given the very large quantities of cod. Increase settlement's inhabitant population with cattle farming & salting/curing cod fish shipping it back to England. Was also hoping to create a trading partnership Beothuk Aboriginals but did not work out. Colony was attacked by pirates and they were not prepared for the long harsh cold winters: crew got sick, their crops failed, no precious minerals were found and, as a result, the King of England withdrew his investment and interest in the project.
Who was
Samuel de Champlain? What did he
build? Who did he work with? What did he
trade? What happened to his crew?
Champlain’s crew teamed up with whom and why? What did Etienne Brule do and why?
Champlain’s
crew establishes a “blood alliance” with the Aborginial groups: Montegnais,
Algonquin, & Huron against their enemy the Iroquois. He does this to facilitate his enterprises
& explorations. Iroquois retreat in
astonishment upon quick kill of their leaders.
Etienne Brule (considered a son to Champlain) is sent to spend entire
winter in Huronia with Huron Tribes to learn their culture, way of life &
to establish trust between French & Indian.
He comes back in spring and Champlain’s trading post becomes very
profitable since he now has a massive control of area (network of
rivers/lakes). Aboriginals bring him
15,000 beaver skins/season!
What else did Champlain want of the Aboriginals? How did the Aboriginals
feel about this?
Besides
being military and commercial allies, Champlain wants the Huron Aboriginals to
share the same Christian Faith and convert them. The
Huron tribes are not open to the idea and consider the French to be unintelligent. The French consider the Aboriginals to be savages. Imposing their religious faith could affect
their trade/business negatively and possibly destroy it.
What did
Champlain still want to do? Who did he
get to help him? What happened to his
plan and settlement? What will he be
always remembered for?
Champlain sees much potential in
Canada’s vast natural resources and wishes to expand his colony. After 10yrs and 20x travelling back to France,
he finally gets the attention of the Cardinal and his financial investment to
expand his settlement and the fur trade. On
the way back to New France the French are intercepted by the English (Louis
Kirk) and they take over control of Quebec.
Samuel de Champlain is devasted, his 20 year hopes & dreams are
crushed. After a 3 year hold, the
English sell back the land to the French, take their money and torch it. Champlain eventually returns, starts from
scratch, resurects the colony. He still wanted his Jesuit priests (Black Robes) to convert the Aboriginals to Christianity or there will be no trade.
What happened
to Etienne Brule?
Upon the colony being hyjaked by the British Kirk Bros., Etienne Brule betrays Champlain/France and sides with the English. He also destroys the trust and good relationship he had built with Huron Aboriginals who eventually torture him to death.
Upon the colony being hyjaked by the British Kirk Bros., Etienne Brule betrays Champlain/France and sides with the English. He also destroys the trust and good relationship he had built with Huron Aboriginals who eventually torture him to death.
What happens
to New France?
New France is reborn from ground zero, then Champlain dies on Christmas Day with no descendants. He will forever be known as "the father of New France". The Colony continues to develop over the next 30yrs with more inhabitants coming over from France to continue building it.
New France is reborn from ground zero, then Champlain dies on Christmas Day with no descendants. He will forever be known as "the father of New France". The Colony continues to develop over the next 30yrs with more inhabitants coming over from France to continue building it.
Who was Jean
de Brebeuf and what was his mission?
Jesuit Missionaries (Black Robes), headed by
Jean de Brebeuf, come to bring Word of God (Christianity) among the Hurons @ Saint Marie. French consider Hurons as barbarians, savages and uncivilized. They are accustomed to their "European" way of life.
What did the
Huron Aborginals believe in and how did they react to the Jesuits?
Jesuits & Hurons are 2
opposing cultures. Hurons believe in the
immortality of the soul, spiritualism & superstition; they despise the French's unrelenting attempt to convert them. Champlain
said "no black robes, no trade"
see http://www.saintemarieamongthehurons.on.ca/ in Midland, Ontario,
Canada.
Who were the
immigrants to New France?
The new immigrants to New France
known as the mystics.
What
religious war was taking place?
War in France between Catholic
vs Protestants
Who was Marie
de l’Incarnation? What was her
goal? In the end what happened?
Nun who takes the name of Marie
de l'incarnation. She has a mystical
call from God to go to New France as a missionary to help the afflicted/suffering. Leaves son, 3mths at sea, goes to New France
to establish first ever all-female missionary team. Settled on the Island of Montreal but their
goal to build a "holy city" in New France failed.
What happened
to the Huron/French? What
happened to Jesuits and why? What
happened to the fur trade and Huronia?
Huron & French alliance
crumbled terribly because of alcohol, weapons, disease and religion. Jesuit priests did not see their part in the
Huron nation becoming divided, angered and demoralized - they continued to
convert & baptize in the name of Jesus.
Iroquois caught wind of this alliance breaking down and attacked for
revenge and control of the entire fur trade - they were victorious. Jesuit leaders killed. Huronia destroyed after 40yrs.
Who was the
French Monarch and what did he want?
What did he do against the Iroquois and New France?
King Louis 14th of France
doesn't want to give up on New France and establishing/settling a new colony. Louis wages a "holy war" against
the Iroquois. Louis also makes New
France a Royal Colony with a government & administrators. See textbook pg.62-63 (Governor General, Bishop, Intendant)
What did the
Governor of New France do and how did it end up?
Governor of New France is
impulsive and launches a surprise campaign against Iroquois in January (he has
absolutely no experience dealing with a cold Canadian winter and is not
prepared) as a result, hundreds of his soldiers die from the cold. Eventually French sign a peace treaty with
Iroquois for 20yrs
What were the
Seigneuries? Who were the “king’s
daughters”?
King Louis offers large estates
"seigneuries" (plots of land running up from St. Lawrence River deep into forests) for his New France administrators. King Louis sends young, poor, abandoned girls
"les filles du roi" to populate New France by getting married and
bearing children.
What was the
King’s ultimate goal and how did he make it happen?
In regards to Visual Arts, search for a "string art template" of your choice - begin with possible ideas from http://stringartfun.com/ (i have the templates, you do not need to buy any from this site) then search Google for a template that would be of interest to you and proud to display in your home. I will look into the board, black paint/roller for background, nails & colored string. If you could bring in your own hammer, that would be great.
I'm also planning downhill skiing trip at SnowValley, tentative date Feb.21st
Continue with your corrections and working on your math (textbook question already provided below)
The goal is to change forests
into towns and provinces, much like in the mother country France. More servants (engagés) sent to New France to
work; their labor was bought and sold; they would eventually become masters of
the new land and Canadian Pioneers.
In regards to Visual Arts, search for a "string art template" of your choice - begin with possible ideas from http://stringartfun.com/ (i have the templates, you do not need to buy any from this site) then search Google for a template that would be of interest to you and proud to display in your home. I will look into the board, black paint/roller for background, nails & colored string. If you could bring in your own hammer, that would be great.
I'm also planning downhill skiing trip at SnowValley, tentative date Feb.21st
Continue with your corrections and working on your math (textbook question already provided below)
UNIT TEST TOMORROW FRI JAN 10
